為什麼你努力了還是卡關?可能不是你的錯,是你的身體在保護你。這集 Mel Robbins 邀請了兒科醫生來聊聊,那些在我們生活中困擾著我們,讓我們卡住(或衝太快?)的問題,並不是只是一句「沒有自制力」就可以解釋的,而我們也不需要因為這樣而太過自責。
你以為是意志力的問題,其實是生物學的問題
我們應該都有過這樣的經驗吧:
明明知道要做,就是動不了。
明明不想發脾氣,傷人的話就衝動地脫口而出。
明明生活看起來還不錯,每天早上醒來就是有一種莫名的不安。
也許你會因此責怪自己:我怎麼連這種事情都控制不了?
這集 Mel Robbins 邀請到的是 Dr. Nadine Burke Harris——出身自史丹佛醫學院兒科醫生、哈佛公衛碩士。她花了幾十年研究一件事:童年時受到的壓力,會怎麼在你不知道的情況下,從小到大伴隨著你,甚至還會影響到你成年之後的身體和行為。
不過,她不是在說經歷過童年壓力、創傷的人,人生就此沒有救了;透過科學方法,我們可以改變這樣的反應模式。
她說:
“Stress is no longer going to be in the driver’s seat of your life.”
壓力從此不會再坐在你人生的駕駛座上。
前提是,我們要先搞懂它在幹嘛。
這篇文章,我幫你整理這集最重要的三個概念,加上關鍵英文單字,讓你聽懂的同時也學到東西。
【初級單字區】
| 英文 | 詞性 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| stress | n. | 壓力 |
| response | n. | 反應 |
| body | n. | 身體 |
| brain | n. | 大腦 |
| memory | n. | 記憶 |
| health | n. | 健康 |
| disease | n. | 疾病 |
| behavior | n. | 行為 |
| relationship | n. | 關係 |
| support | n./v. | 支持 |
| safe | adj. | 安全的 |
| calm | adj. | 平靜的 |
| overwhelmed | adj. | 不知所措的 |
| scared | adj. | 害怕的 |
| react | v. | 反應、衝動回應 |
| heal | v. | 療癒、復原 |
| breathe | v. | 呼吸 |
| exercise | n./v. | 運動 |
| sleep | n./v. | 睡眠、睡覺 |
| connect | v. | 連結 |
【重點單字整理】
核心概念詞
| 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|
| trauma | 創傷(身體對壓力的反應,不只是「那件事」本身) |
| stress response | 壓力反應 |
| adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) | 童年逆境經歷 |
| overactive stress response | 過度活躍的壓力反應 |
| buffering | 緩衝(用來平衡壓力的保護機制) |
| corrective experience | 矯正性經歷 |
身體與大腦相關詞
| 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|
| amygdala | 杏仁核(大腦的警報系統) |
| prefrontal cortex | 前額葉皮質(負責判斷、自控、執行力) |
| cortisol | 皮質醇(壓力荷爾蒙) |
| adrenaline | 腎上腺素 |
| oxytocin | 催產素(擁抱時釋放,能直接抑制壓力反應) |
| fight, flight, or freeze | 戰、逃、僵(壓力下的三種本能反應) |
| fawn | 討好(第四種反應:為了安全而順從、取悅別人) |
七種有科學依據的緩衝介入
| 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|
| sleep | 睡眠 |
| exercise | 運動 |
| nutrition | 營養 |
| mindfulness | 正念 |
| mental health support | 心理健康支持 |
| healthy relationships | 健康的人際關係 |
| time in nature | 接觸自然 |
【逐字稿精選段落】附中文對照
你說得對,我來補上。三個段落的完整版,英文照逐字稿原文,後面接中文對照:
段落一:創傷不是那件事,是你身體的反應
🔗 05:23
Mel: What is trauma?
Dr. Burke Harris: At its core, trauma is the biological response to overwhelming stress. So, a lot of us think of it as the stressor, the thing that happened to us, but it’s actually the body’s reaction to that stress.
Mel: I always thought trauma was the thing that happened. You’re saying trauma is your body’s response to the thing that happened.
Dr. Burke Harris: That’s right. And not only in the moment that it happened, but that it continues to respond in similar ways.
中文對照:
Mel:什麼是創傷(trauma)?
Burke Harris 博士:創傷的核心,是身體對極度壓力的生物反應(biological response)。我們很多人以為創傷是那個壓力源、是那件發生在我們身上的事,但其實是身體對那個壓力的反應。
Mel:我一直以為創傷是那件事本身。你是說,創傷是你的身體對那件事的反應?
Burke Harris 博士:對。而且不只是在它發生的那個當下,而是身體會持續以類似的方式反應下去。
段落二:為什麼你會拖延、卡關、控制不了自己
🔗 55:00
Dr. Burke Harris: The first thing is our amygdala, right, which is our brain’s alarm system, sounds the alarm and tell our brain and body to release stress hormones. Okay? So, we release adrenaline and cortisol. So, our hearts start to pound, our pupils dilate, our airways open up, we shunt blood to our big muscles for running and jumping and away from that itty bitty muscle that holds your bladder closed. So, you may pee your pants, but there’s no judgment. And so, you’re ready to either fight the bear or run from the bear. And that’s why the amygdala actually sends projections to the prefrontal cortex. That’s the part of the brain that sits right here behind the forehead. And this is the part that’s responsible for judgment, impulse control, executive functioning, and it turns it way down. Because the last thing you want if you’re in a forest and there’s a bear is some impulse control getting in the way of survival.
中文對照:
Burke Harris 博士:
首先是我們的杏仁核(amygdala),也就是大腦的警報系統,它會發出警報,讓大腦和身體釋放壓力荷爾蒙(stress hormones)。我們會釋放腎上腺素(adrenaline)和皮質醇(cortisol)。心跳加速、瞳孔放大、呼吸道打開,血液從那個控制膀胱的小肌肉被導向大肌肉,讓你可以跑、可以跳。所以你可能會尿褲子,但這很正常,不用覺得丟臉。你的身體已經準備好要跟熊搏鬥,或是拔腿逃跑。這也是為什麼杏仁核會直接向前額葉皮質(prefrontal cortex)發出信號——那個在額頭後面的區域,負責判斷、衝動控制和執行功能——然後把它大幅壓制下來。因為當你面對一頭熊,你最不需要的就是什麼衝動控制來擋你求生。
🔗 57:35
Dr. Burke Harris: For the folks who really just can’t get themselves organized or are procrastinating even though that is when we see that that prefrontal cortex is really just having a really hard time engaging, right? because the amygdala is on overdrive and that’s actually biologically what happens and that’s why buffering is so important.
中文對照:
Burke Harris 博士:
對於那些真的就是無法讓自己整理好、一直在拖延(procrastinating)的人來說——我們看到的情況是,他們的前額葉皮質非常非常難以啟動,因為杏仁核正在瘋狂運轉(on overdrive)。這在生物學上就是這樣運作的,這也是為什麼緩衝(buffering)這麼重要。
段落三:緩衝是什麼,用翹翹板來理解
🔗 23:13
Dr. Burke Harris: So, when you think about stress or adversity, right? You have a teeter totter and it’s balanced on a fulcrum. You can think of stress or adversity as kind of like a downward force on one end of the teeter totter. Then the way that our body’s biological stress response works is that we want to maintain balance. Our stress response is designed to save our lives from a mortal threat. And it works best when we keep it in balance. So on one side there’s stress and adversity. And then on the other side we have safe, stable and nurturing relationships. We have regulating practices like breathing techniques and exercise and mindfulness. And that keeps us in balance. Now, the age at which you experience a major stressor or a trauma can actually change the location of that fulcrum, making the adversity more pronounced and harder to balance out. So what that means is that the younger you are when you experience a stressor or trauma or adversity, you need way more buffering on the other side to be able to balance that out.
中文對照:
Burke Harris 博士:當你想到壓力或逆境(adversity)的時候,可以想像一個蹺蹺板(teeter totter),架在一個支點(fulcrum)上。壓力和逆境就像一股向下的力量壓在蹺蹺板的一端。我們身體的生物壓力反應機制,目標是維持平衡。我們的壓力反應系統是設計來在生死關頭救我們的,而它最有效的狀態就是保持平衡。所以一端是壓力和逆境,另一端則是安全、穩定、有愛的關係(safe, stable and nurturing relationships),以及像呼吸練習、運動、正念(mindfulness)這些調節練習。這樣才能保持平衡。而你經歷重大壓力或創傷的年齡,其實會改變那個支點的位置,讓逆境那一端變得更重、更難平衡。這代表你越小的時候經歷創傷或逆境,你在另一端就需要更多的緩衝(buffering)才能抵消。
【練習題】找出你的「緩衝資源」
Burke Harris 博士說,緩衝不需要完美,一個人就夠了。
試著用英文回答以下三個問題(寫在筆記本上,或打在手機備忘錄裡都可以):
1. When I feel overwhelmed, I usually __.
(當我感到不知所措,我通常會⋯⋯)
2. One person in my life who makes me feel safe is __.
(我生命中讓我感到安全的人是⋯⋯)
3. One small buffering habit I can start this week is __.
(這週我可以開始的一個小緩衝習慣是⋯⋯)
沒有標準答案。寫出來的過程本身,就是一種 buffering。